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如何最大限度地降低癌症风险?

现有知识体系已对致癌原因及防治干预进行了十分广泛与深入的研究。癌症控制是一项旨在将这些知识转化为实践应用的公共健康举措,它包括在系统与均衡的基础上实施循证策略,实现对癌症的预防与早期发现以及对癌症患者的管理。

下列方法可帮助您尽量降低罹患癌症的风险:

1. 避免使用烟草

任何一种烟草都存在致癌的可能。拒绝吸烟或逐步戒烟是您为自身健康做出的一个重要决定,同时也是癌症预防的一项重要措施。避免任何形式的烟草能显著地降低罹患多种癌症的风险。

即使您本人并不吸烟,也应当尽量地避免可能吸入二手烟的场合。在全世界的许多肺癌患者中,二手烟才是他们真正致命的杀手。

2. 确保多样化的健康饮食

尽管在超市里选购健康的食品以及保持一日三餐的合理饮食并不能担保自己远离癌症,但却一定可以降低癌症发生的风险。约有30%的癌症患者与营养问题有关,包括肥胖。

3. 坚持锻炼及保持健康的体重

保持健康的体重与坚持定期锻炼对于预防癌症也具有十分重要的作用。体育锻炼不仅能通过控制您的体重来避免身体过于肥胖,而且锻炼本身也可以降低罹患乳腺癌、直肠癌等其它癌症的风险

尽可能多地参加体育活动,锻炼的形式可以包括快步走(brisk walking)、溜狗或与孩子们在公园内玩耍。

4. 避免太阳暴晒

皮肤癌是最常见,也是可以预防的一种癌症。尽管反复暴露于X光线或接触某种化学物品可能是致癌因素之一,但太阳暴晒无疑是目前导致皮肤癌的最普遍原因。

皮肤癌多发于人体的外露部位,如脸、手、前臂与耳部。通过早期发现,几乎所有的皮肤癌都是可以治愈的。然而治疗不如预防,最好的办法还是避免它的发生。

5. 获得免疫力

某类癌症是由病毒感染引起的,是可以通过免疫来进行预防的。请向医生咨询以下免疫接种
  • 乙肝病毒:乙肝病毒可能增加促发肝癌的风险。建议对所有新生儿及部分具有高风险性的成人进行疫苗接种
  • 人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV):HPV人类乳头瘤病毒是一种可以引发子宫癌的性传播病毒。请向医生咨询是否可以进行免疫接种以降低癌症风险。

6. 进行筛查

对某类癌症进行定期筛查与自查虽然并不能避免癌症的发生,却能增加早期发现的机率,从而提高成功治愈的疗效。筛查应当包括对皮肤、口腔、结肠与直肠等部位的检查。男性还应当包括前列腺与睾丸的检查;女性则应增加子宫癌与乳腺癌筛查项目。时刻留心自己身体的变化—这将有助于及早发现癌症,增加成功治愈的机率。如身体发生任何异常变化,应当立即就医。

癌症资源

  • 关于癌症
  • 癌症的类型
  • 战胜癌症
  • HealthNEWS
  • 希望的故事
  • 视频

关于癌症

  • 什么是癌症
  • 癌症的事实与数据
  • 致癌的原因是什么
  • 癌症是如何形成的
  • 癌症有哪些征兆
  • 如何最大限度地降低癌症风险
  • 关于癌症的错误观点与看法
 
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Singapore 228510

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CanHOPE, a non-profit cancer counselling & support service and hotline, is an initiative by Parkway Cancer Centre. It is a resource for information about cancer and its available screening tests and treatments for both patients and the general public. CanHOPE is manned by an experienced, knowledgeable and caring support team who have access to comprehensive information from reputable resources on a wide range of cancer topics, including treatment options for cancer. Our support team will take as much time as required to provide thorough and personalised attention. All information provided are kept confidential.

CanHOPE also runs a face-to-face cancer counselling & support service at our offices where our support team are based. The objective of this service is to address the psychosocial needs of patients and families across an entire spectrum of the disease from diagnosis to “living with cancer” to palliative care.

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